The Ukrainian air force, though depleted, continues to leverage its remaining Sukhoi Su-25 attack jets in the ongoing conflict with Russia. Recent footage reveals these robust, subsonic aircraft deploying French-made Hammer glide bombs against Russian targets. This tactic echoes a similar approach observed weeks earlier with Ukrainian Su-27 supersonic jets utilizing American-made glide bombs, showcasing a shift towards standoff engagement. This tactical evolution underscores the Ukrainian air force’s adaptability and resourcefulness in maximizing the impact of its aging fleet while minimizing risks in a contested airspace.
The core of this new tactic revolves around low-altitude, high-speed approaches towards the front lines, exploiting terrain features to evade Russian air defense systems. Just before bomb release, the aircraft execute a sharp climb, optimizing the launch trajectory and extending the range of the precision-guided munitions. This “toss-bombing” technique, though seemingly simple, significantly enhances the survivability of Ukrainian aircraft by keeping them outside the effective range of many Russian surface-to-air missile systems. While the optimal range of a Hammer glide bomb extends beyond 40 miles, the low initial altitude of the launch aircraft reduces this range, but critically maintains a safe distance from enemy defenses.
The effectiveness of this standoff bombing approach is reflected in the decreased loss rate of Ukrainian jets. Having started the war with 43 operational Su-25s, augmented by 18 additional airframes from Macedonia and Bulgaria, Ukraine lost a significant number of these aircraft in the initial phases of the conflict. However, the shift to glide bomb tactics has dramatically reduced losses in recent times. This tactical adaptation marks a departure from the previous reliance on close-range rocket attacks, which exposed aircraft to heavier enemy fire. The reduced risk, coupled with the enhanced precision offered by glide bombs, makes this a strategically sound approach for the Ukrainian air force.
This tactical shift represents a pivotal change in the Ukrainian air force’s operational doctrine. The transition from close-range rocket attacks to standoff bombing with glide munitions has not only reduced aircraft vulnerability but has also transformed the aging Su-25s into effective precision bombers. While risks remain inherent in any combat operation, the adoption of glide bombs has demonstrably improved the safety and effectiveness of Ukrainian pilots operating in contested airspace. This successful integration of advanced weaponry into existing platforms showcases the Ukrainian military’s ability to adapt and innovate amidst the ongoing conflict.
The success of glide bomb deployment has prompted the Ukrainian air force to integrate this technology across its diverse fleet, including MiG-29 fighters and Su-24 bombers, in addition to the Su-25s and Su-27s. This standardization of weaponry allows for greater flexibility and interchangeability of munitions, streamlining logistical processes and maximizing combat effectiveness. Furthermore, the anticipated arrival of Western-made aircraft, such as the F-16s and Mirage 2000s, signifies a future where this tactic can be further refined and employed with even greater sophistication, leveraging the advanced capabilities of these modern platforms.
Recognizing the crucial role of glide bombs in their current and future operations, Ukraine has also embarked on developing its own indigenous glide bomb. This proactive approach aims to secure a consistent supply of this critical munition, mitigating potential disruptions in foreign aid. This development underscores Ukraine’s commitment to long-term strategic planning, ensuring its air force remains well-equipped to defend its airspace and support ground operations, regardless of geopolitical fluctuations. The ongoing testing of this domestically produced glide bomb signifies a significant step towards self-reliance in critical military technology, further solidifying Ukraine’s defense capabilities.
