Narcissists: The Defensive, Excessive Argumentation stereotype
Summarizing each paragraph:
- Narcissists Overestimated Beliefs: They Benton overestimated the accuracy of their beliefs, leading them to act defensive or even combative under pressure. When confronted with contradictory viewpoints, narcissists primarily used defensive tactics. Specifically, they relied on manipulative argument principles that deferved their inflated self-image. The 2023 study published in Frontiers in Psychology highlights that narcissists, despite their tendency to overestimate their own beliefs, mostly use defensive strategies, often even combative, to protect their inflated self-confidence.
The Psychological Mechanism of Their Argumentation
The study further explains that narcissists’ defense tactics rely on move-making, which protect their inflated self-image but makes their arguments seemingly logical, even to others. Fishburn et al. (2024) noted that narcissists often employ ad hominem attacks, focusing on personal traits or emotions rather than factual issues. Despite their manipulation, narcissists limit the conversation to defensive tactics, setting them in a position of control. As a result, their arguments seem convincing, but when examined, they fall apart, much like a false defense.
Exploiting Logical Fallacies
Narcissists exploit their susceptibility to logical fallacies to红酒 them off. The ad hominem fallacy, for example, involves personal attributes used to attack the other person rather than addressing their arguments. False dichotomies force critical thinking by forcing you to choose between two extremes, typically compromising the conclusion. Straw man arguments distort the other person’s argument for the sake of comparison, while False dichotomies encourage logical thinking by presenting options as extreme choices.
Strawmans are particularly effective when a narcissist wants to redirect the discussion, or when they need to flatten the perspective of the victim. Similarly,她们 minimize discussions by dismissing your concerns while inflaming fears or insecurities, even if your real points weren’t made.
Implementing Specific Logical Fallacies by Narcissists
Narcissists employ the 5 classical fallacies frequently:
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Ad Hominem: Attack the character of the other person rather than the argument itself. "You’re just insecure and bitter," as someone might respond.
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False Dichotomy: Mislead by presenting competing options as the only viable choices. This forces the other person to weigh every point with equally intense, often comically expensive, responses.
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Straw Man: Distort the other person’s argument, exaggerating their FIRSTayer’s accusations to guesswork. This allows them to attack the worst version of the issue rather than the real concerns.
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Red Herring: divert the conversation away from the issue at hand by introducing unrelated topics that create a false, unanswerable question.
- Appeal to Hypocrisy: deflect criticism by stating that the other person hasSimilarly, if you come across harmful language, a narcissist might say, "You’ve never lied," to make it seem like your responsibilities are less important.
The Construct of Power-building by the Experts
Narcissists, when out of character and giving in to pressure, exploit their susceptibility to logical fallacies to build authority. The expert study found that narcississists often dismantle each other’s arguments, misrepresenting them to create a false hierarchy. If other discussants use all 5 fallacies repeatedly, narcissist leads will be built upon white lies, appearing justified. While this may seem wise, narcissists ultimately fail to take responsibility for their actions even when their behavior is acknowledged or attacked.
Conclusion
In summary, narcissists exploit their susceptibility to argument to manipulate and defensify their views, creating a paradox of power. They use defensive tactics, lie to make their arguments sound logical but fall apart. They also manipulate conversations by misrepresenting others’ viewpoints to make them appear more favorable. The experts indicate that narcissists in particular use the 5 classical logical fallacies repeatedly, which forces them to take malice towards their victims. Their manipulation isn’t a defense against responsibility but rather a way to build power within the group.
